Strategic management report

Strategic management report 1.0 Introduction I choose Genting Berhad as the organization for the Strategic Management report. I worked in Awana Genting Highlands almost one year before I worked in government sector. Awana Genting Highlands is one of the six hotels under the Genting Berhad. Genting Berhad is a management company and investment holding of Genting Group. It was founded by the late Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong in 1965 when he want to make a 20 km access road across mountainous which was located about 2000-metres above level sea. Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay is now the Chairman and Chief Executive of Genting Berhad. Genting Berhad is a Malaysian company with interests in a variety of fields. The group comprises of more than 15,000 employees, 11,000 acres of resort land and 156,000 acres of choice plantation land throughout Malaysia. The company is principally an investment holding and management company with seven major business divisions, such as leisure hospitality, plantations, property, power, paper, and oil gas. The leisure hospitality division is represented by numerous holiday brand names. This division operates in a variety of areas, and includes the operation of over 30 food and beverage outlets. They are variety of accommodation where there have six hotels, theme park and attraction, international shows, gaming experience, leisure cruising and meetings and conventions. Their vision is to be leading leisure, hospitality and entertainment corporation in the world, (Annual Report 2008). Oil palm cultivation is the main activity of the Plantation Division. The division is made up of 41,000 hectares of plantation land. The Genting Groups involvement in the property development sector enables it to realize its strategy of holding land-based assets for long-term capital appreciation and development potential. In 1971, the shares of Genting Berhad were listed on the main board of Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). In November 2007, Genting Berhad became one of the biggest listed companies in Malaysia wi th a market capitalization of RM29.2 billion (US$8.74 billion). 2.0 Group Corporate Structure The Board has their own responsibilities for the proper conduct in the business. The Board meeting is usually on a quarterly basis. They have formal schedule specifically reserved for its decisions like annual operating plan, major capital projects, overall strategic direction, financial performance and monitoring of the Groups operating. Formal Board Committees established by the Board with the Code namely the Audit Committee, Nomination Committee, Remuneration Committee that assist the Board in the discharge of its duties. In addition, The Board is responsible for the Groups system of internal control and risk management. This is important to review their integrity and adequacy. Moreover, it is for the purposes of safeguarding the Groups assets and shareholders investment. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), leadership is distributed in the organization that supports the flow of knowledge from the middle to the top and down to the rest of the organization. The Group also put i n place a risk management process in order to help the Board recognizing and evaluating the managing risks. The Audit Committee has appropriate relationships with the external auditor. External auditors attended all Audit Committee meetings in order to audit their plan or report and comments on the audited financial statements. The Committee were responsible approved the internal audit for the Group and the company. They also need to authorize resources to identify any risks areas. They also need reviewed the internal and external plan for the Group and the company with the external editors. The Board reviewed the performance of the Committee every three years to determine whether they have carried out their duties. In terms of meeting, the Committees meet at least four times a year. The Secretary of the Committee prepared and sent all minutes of each meeting to the Committee members. 2.1 Lack of Understanding by the Board of Director with Regard to Internal Control In dealing with the boards stewardship responsibilities, the board should fully understand both the principal risks the company faces and its system of internal control. The purpose of internal control is to manage and control risk. In order to properly manage risk, an appropriate risk assessment and evaluation framework and activities would be needed. Once risks have been identified, appropriate control systems to manage and control these risks should be maintained and regularly reviewed given the companys risk profile. The reason of internal control is to make better doing in control risk without eliminate it because it involves risk-taking business. The Board has responsible for the Groups system of internal control and risk management and for reviewing its adequacy and integrity. The Board of Directors should aware that the system is created to control rather than get rid of risks and therefore cannot provide an absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. To assist the Board in maintaining a sound system of internal control for the purposes of safeguarding shareholders investment and the Groups assets, the Group has in place, an adequately resourced internal audit department. The activities of this department which reports regularly to the Audit Committee provides the Board with much of the assurance it requires regarding the adequacy and integrity of the system of internal control. As proper risk management is a significant part for the system of internal control, the Group has also put in place a risk management process. In practice, businesses face risks from many sources in their dynamic environments and virtually all areas of the business are exposed to risk. In particular, the objectives of the business are at risk, and control systems are established and maintained to assist the achievement of objectives. Even though it is impossible to provide complete assurance through any control system, the control systems must be designed and applied to manage the likelihood and consequences of risk to acceptable levels. That is the cost of control should be related to the significance of risk. To manage internal control and assessing its integrity and adequacy, the company should in corporate its governess and normal management in order to meet regulatory requirements. In addition, the code details that a sound system of internal control is necessary in order to keep companys assets and shareholders investment safe. Generally, internal control is created to provide reasonable assurance based on the achieve ment of the companys objectives. Internal control is based upon certain fundamental concepts where it is not forms or policy manuals but is affected by people. It is not an end in itself process but it is a means to an end. 2.2 Internal Audit Function and Risk Management Process The Group should have an adequate resourced internal audit department to assist the Board in maintaining a system of internal control. The internal audit department reports to the Committee and is independent of the activities they audit. The primary role of the department is to undertake regular and systematic review of the systems of internal control so as to provide sufficient assurance that the Group has sound systems of internal control and that established policies and procedures are adhered to and continue to be effective and satisfactory. As proper risk management is a significant part for a system of internal control, the Group has also to put in place a risk management process to help the Board in identifying, evaluating and managing risks. 2.3 The Board Directors Responsibilities In relation to internal control, the Board of Directors have to acknowledges their responsibility under the Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirements as identify principal risks and ensure implementation of appropriate control measures to manage the risks. They are also need to review the adequacy and integrity of the internal control system and management information systems and systems for compliance with applicable laws, regulations, rules, directives and guidelines. It should be noted that an internal control system is created to control risks rather than eliminate them. It should be an ongoing risk management process established to identify, evaluate, and manage significant risks to effectively mitigate the risks that may impede the achievement of Genting Group of companies business and corporate objectives. The Board has to make sure management of risks and measures are taken to mitigate any weaknesses in the control environment. 3.0 Business Operations and Performance In terms of Genting Groups strategy, they intend to continue growing its core leisure and hospitality businesses by concentrating on its competitive advantages, enhancing its customer facilities and improving its current offerings in these businesses. The Genting Group also plans to identify growth segments within the area of leisure and hospitality, particularly in the gaming, hotel and cruise sectors and make appropriate investments in Malaysia, and, if appropriate, overseas to expand these businesses. According to Richard Nelson (1991), the resource-based view of the firm has explained firm differences by means of the cost of imitating or acquiring resources so firms that seek to acquire resources that give other firms a competitive advantage are prevented from doing so because these resources are too costly or impossible to acquire in the factor market. Maximize returns from existing business activities by optimizing operational efficiencies The Genting Group believes that it has on average one of the highest levels of operational efficiency in its existing industrial and plantation businesses among its competitors in Malaysia. Through the continuing application of new technology and production techniques, investment in information technology and other technologies across its businesses, the Genting Group intends to further increase business automation and enhances its operational efficiencies. The top management must either see opportunities not seen by other top teams or must be able to exploit opportunities by virtue of preemptive and consistent capability-building that other companies cant, (Hamel G., Prahalad 1994). Expand the Genting Groups revenue base through strategic acquisitions and investment opportunities in Malaysia and elsewhere, in particular in the areas of power generation and supply as well as plantations. A successful cost leadership strategy usually permeates the entire firm, as evidenced by high efficiency, low overhead, limited perks, intolerance of waste, intensive screening of budget requests, wide spans of control, regards link to cost containment and broad employee participation is cost control efforts, (Fred R. David 2005). The Genting Group believes that its strong balance sheet and stable cash flow and revenue streams from its leisure, hospitality, gaming and entertainment business enable it to expand its revenue base by growing its other busin ess activities. The Genting Group will seek to continue building on its prudent acquisition strategy to date by viewing potential acquisitions of power generation and supply projects that display potential upside returns on investment. The Genting Group will also consider expanding its plantations business if appropriate opportunities arise. They optimize their capital structure by achieving a more balanced use of financing. The Genting Group intends to maintain a balanced financial structure by optimizing the use of debt and equity financing and utilizing a mix of internally generated funds and external financing to fund the Genting Groups planned expansion and working capital expenditures. Expand cross marketing initiatives within the Genting Group to increase sales to its existing customers and grow its customer base. When the firm is exposed to rapid technological change, the firms routine, language and embedded forms of knowledge may adversely impact firm profits, (Poppo and Zenger 1998). The Genting Group is strongly focused on taking advantage of its diverse businesses by expanding its cross marketing initiatives and having greater integration within the Genting Group businesses. For instance, the cruise line and hotel businesses will be cross marketed to existing and new customer bases by the use of the Genting Groups World Card loyalty programme having a membership of approximately 825,000 throughout Asia as at 30 June 2003. In addition, the Genting Groups strategy is to build the branding of World Card throughout Asia. World Card subsidiaries and businesses have commenced in Singapore and Hong Kong from 2003 and other Asian countries are identified for implemen tation. The Genting Group will continue to grow from strength to strength as a leading Asian multinational corporation. 4.0 External Environment 4.1 Economic Malaysia has trade freedom, labor freedom, monetary freedom and high level s of fiscal freedom. The top corporate tax rate and the top income tax rate are moderate and the tax revenue is low as a percentage of GDP. The government does not distort market prices with direct subsidies and inflation is also minor. The simple employment procedures with no minimum wage make the labor sector flexible and help businesses to stay competitive. 4.2 Technology Genting Berhad needs technological facilities advancement at all level to run the activities of their Principal Subsidiaries Division such as Leisure Hospitality Division, Plantation Division, Property Division, Power Division, Oil Gas Division, Manufacturing Division and Investment Holding and Management Services. Due to increased competition and accelerated product development cycle, innovation and the management of technology are becoming crucial to corporate success of Genting Berhad. Research found that the most important driver of corporate value for both durable and non-durable companies to be innovative. What is less obvious is how a company can generate a significant return from investment in research and development as well as an overall sense of enthusiasm for innovative behaviour and risk taking. One way is to include innovation in the corporations mission statement. Another way is by establishing policies that support the innovation process. The organizational form that best coordinates and enables knowledge creation is an amalgamation of three layers working in parallel: the business system, the project system and the knowledge system, (Lyles and Schwenk 1992). The importance of technology and innovation must be emphasized by top management of Genting Berhad and reinforced by people throughout corporation. The top management and the board must be interested in this topic and followed by managers below than tend to echo their interest. Therefore, management has an obligation to not only encourage new product development but also develop a system to ensure that technology is being used most effectively, with the consumer in mind. The groups need to continually seen their external societal and task environments for new development in technology that may have some application to their potential products or services. For sure manager of each Principal Subsidiaries is responsible for suggesting and implementing a companys tec hnological strategy light of its corporate objectives and policies. The managers of Genting Corporate Subsidiaries job involve build techniques of embodying in new processes and products, selecting alternative new technologies and organizing resources so that the new technologies can be implemented. Technology Department or Human Resource Management unit should be evaluated for technological competence in both development and the use of innovation technology, or to improve knowledge and implementation regarding on technology, or top management must attend course and seminar related to the technology subject. 4.3 Political-Legal It is related to allocation of power and provides constraining and protecting laws and regulations. Trend in the political and legal have a significant impact not only on the level of competition within an industry but also on which strategies might be successful such as strict enforcement periods, high level of taxation and constraining labor laws that directly affect corporate growth strategy. All these are set by the government that rules the country with its own purposes. However the stability of the government that rules a country is very important. Stable ruling government can set rules and regulations that will protect the local company in competing with foreign company that have an investment in that particular country. The laws is set to be follow by all individual and company that stay of have business in the country. In political and legal forces the laws that govern the corporations have an impact on decision making. So strategy makers should choose strategic alternative that minimize the general forces such as political and legal pressure and maximize the probability of gaining stakeholder support. One way is to propose a political strategy to influence its key stakeholders. Political strategy is a plan to bring stakeholders into agreement with a corporations actions. Some of the most commonly used political strategies are constituency building, political action committee contribution, advocacy advertising, lobbying and coalition building. 5.0 Internal Environment 5.1 Corporate Culture Asias top tourist destinations, is a now an inspiration for many budding entrepreneurs. The founder has blended the values of perseverance, hard work and integrity to create a management style distinctively his own. And over the years, these values have been instilled within the realms of the Genting management team and corporate culture. According to Mr. Eddie Chan, Sports Recreation Manager of Awana Genting Highlands, Winning this title reflexes a companys good corporate culture that believes in teamwork, healthy employees, companys commitment on employees training and a progressive and dynamic company. 5.2 Corporate Resources 5.2.1 Marketing Genting International is the exclusive international marketing and sales coordinator of Genting Highlands Resort outside Malaysia. It has a network of international sales offices and sales agents in various countries including Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, India, China, Indonesia and the Middle East. During the year, new representative offices were set up in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and in Shanghai, China and a branch office was established in the United Arab Emirates. The additional new offices have boosted promotional efforts and increased visitors to Genting Highlands Resort. Revenue from sales and marketing services amounted to S$18.9 million (2005: S$17.7 million). 5.2.2 Finance It has been a record year of performance as all business divisions posted higher revenues. Group revenue increased by 27% to a new high of RM6.9 billion (2005: RM5.5 billion). The good revenue performance was mainly due to higher business volume generated by the Leisure and Hospitality Division, especially from Genting Highlands Resort. In addition, the Malaysian power plant posted higher revenues as no major maintenance works were undertaken in 2006, compared to the previous year in which all of its turbines underwent major inspection and maintenance. The Plantation Division benefited from higher crude palm oil prices and an increase in the output of fresh fruit bunches. Higher progress billings from properties sold also benefited the Property Division. Higher oil prices benefited the Oil Gas Division while higher paper selling prices and volume sold benefited the Manufacturing Division. The Groups profit before tax reached a record high of RM2.7 billion (2005: RM2.4 billion). 5.2.3 Research Development Genting Berhad had developed computer programme by using Java programming language. The programming standard have been defined from the standards used in the development of the Internet games, namely the Wu Shi and Fire Cracker games both made their debut in the Internet Tournament System (ITS). These standards exist principally to preserve the consistency of programming style in the Java language. Besides, they are also needed to facilitate the ongoing maintenance of the system as well as in the development of the impending Intranet Gaming System (IGS) and other future system that will be employing the use the Java programming language. 6.0 Conclusion and Recommendations To run and administered the big company, the function of Board of Directors, Principal Executive Officers, Top Management Officers, other management committee and employees commitment are needed. Thus, commitment and co-operation from all level of the employees are important to ensure the successful of Genting Berhad. Genting Berhad is a big conglomerate with big investment and capital should control group investment with cautious by the top management level. A vision set by the leaders can be programmed into the many organizational members through accurate explanation and presentation. Programmed with the right direction, organizational members are expected to act accordingly, (Simon 1993). Frequently monitoring of the investment activities could avoid financial burden to the company. The company should find any strategic locations or places in Malaysia to develop as a tourist destination. The other location could give an alternative to the visitors either local or foreigner to enjo y their vacation with family or friend. The company revenue had increase from year to year. Based on the current company strategy, Genting Berhads business activities will be expanding from time to time as well as the Genting Groups revenue will be increased. Loyalty and commitment from employees also contribute to the ongoing success of Genting Berhad. To keep up company stability and growth, the Genting Berhads top management should consider the areas like expansion of business activities or down-sizing by the competitors, market trend, economic conditions, expectations of shareholders, technological changes, public expectations, criticism by outsiders and changes in market and consumers expectations. 7.0 References David, F. R. 1995. Concepts of Strategic Management. London, Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited. Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H. 1995. The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford University Press. David, F. R. 2005. Strategic Management Concepts and Cases Tenth Edition. New Jersey, Pearson Education. Hamel, G., and Prahalad, C. K. 1994. Competing for the Future. Boston, Harvard business School Press. Johnson, G., and Scholes, K. 1999. Exploring Corporate Strategy Fifth Edition. Essex, Pearson Education Limited. Nelson, R. R. 1991. Why do firms differ and how does it matter?. Strategic Management Journal 12, 61-74. Poppo, Laura and Zenger, T. 1998. Testing alternative theories of the firm: Transaction cost, knowledge based and measurement explanations for make-or-buy decisions in information services. Strategic Management Journal 10, 853-877. Clarke-Hill, C. M., and Glaister, K. W. Cases in Strategic Management. London, Pitman Publishing. Lyles, M. A., and Schwenk, C. R. 1992. Top management, strategy and organizational knowledge structures. Journal of Management Studies 29, 155-74. Simon, H. A. 1993. Strategy and organizational evolution. Strategic Management Journal 14/2, 131-142. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., and Lampel, J. 2008. Strategy Bites Back. Harlow, Financial Times Prentice Hall. Grant, R. M. 2007. Contemporary Strategic Analysis 6th Edition. Oxford, Blackwell. http://www.genting.com.my (Assessed 24thDecember 2009).

Navigating the Global Essay: Lost in Translation & Seamus Heaney Essay

The reactions of characters towards a growing global culture, whether a retreat or an embrace, are heavily influenced by personal choices. Within the arena of Navigating the Global, choices are almost certainly influenced by the circumstances in which they occur, whether this be a choice to keep the connection to the local, or move towards a more global setting. Three key texts that exemplify this phenomenon include the film ‘Lost in Translation’ by Sophia Coppola made in 2003, the Seamus Heaney’s poems ‘Digging’ (1998) and ‘Personal Helicon’, and finally the illustration ‘Globalisation’ (2012) by Michael Leunig. All three delve deeply into the interplay between internal choice and external circumstance. While they do explore how circumstances can influence choices, ‘Lost in Translation’ has a secondary investigation of how choices can impact the circumstance. ‘Lost in Translation’ is a film that explores the decisions made by two characters when they are stranded in a foreign country. It also shows how their circumstances ultimately shape the decisions that they make. The characters already exist in a highly globalised world, and furthermore, in one of the most technologically advanced cities on the planet – Japan. Although the film is set in this city, there is also an element of the local throughout the film. Japan’s juxtaposition of the new age and deep-rooted tradition becomes a focus throughout the film as the protagonists ultimately end up giving favor towards that global utopia they found with each other. The protagonists, Charlotte and Bob represent opposing sides of this; Charlotte the traditional, Bob the new age. A scene that best represents Charlotte’s displacement within this technological environment, is when she is situated within her hotel room, and is talking to a friend on the phone. The dull lighting and grey cityscape that is seen from out the extensive window, highlights her displacement within the hotel. The mid close up angle of Charlotte huddled on a seat in the middle of the room, crying to her friend about how she misses them, further demonstrates her isolation within the bleak setting. This juxtaposes strongly with her behavior when she is out near a temple with nature around her. She seems, although alone, to be more at home and interested with the culture than when alone in the hotel, and in one scene, is in awe of a tender moment between bride and groom. This is shown through the wide shot of her standing back from the couple, and a panning shot of them walking, with the bride in traditional dress. The fact that we feel Charlotte is more comfortable within a natural setting is even more relevant to the choice that she makes to spend more time with Bob in a more commercial and overbearing city, and within the hotel. The hotel is one of the most symbolic features of the film and as hotels are a worldwide symbol for globalization and the merging of culture with traditions, this becomes important when Bob chooses to stay longer because of the close friendship formed with Charlotte. They are a physical manifestation of cross-cultural convergence in one single place. Therefore, the hotel in ‘Lost in Translation’ becomes a clear depiction of not only the protagonists circumstances influencing their choice, but of isolation, of the limits of the American ethos, and of the dangers of language barriers. This is demonstrated clearly in the sauna scene for Bob, when two other men have a conversation, possibly in German, which he is incapable of understanding. The high angle mid close up shot of the two men sitting together, talking comfortably, while Bob is distanced from them with a pained expression, illustrates his confusion and ostracism from general banter and interaction with new people. Earlier in the film, Bob tries to communicate to the photographer in his whiskey advertisement. The director rants for a lengthy period, making grand physical gestures and dramatically giving instructions, but when he finished this performance, his translator says only a simple sentence of vague direction. This is another vital indication of how the true meaning of words and conversation is completely lost in translation. This theme of the globalised world of Japan is relevant to the circumstance that the movie has been set up in because of Sophia Coppola’s 21st century up bringing. The movie itself can be seen as a comment on the growing global scale of the world, and the multicultural boundaries that are blurring and changing within the world. Not unlike Lost in Translation, Michael Leunig’s cartoon ‘Globalisation’ focuses on the move away from the natural and towards embracing an increasingly global and technological world. The image portrays two human figures in the centre, they are framed on one side by a stark, black tree that seems to be smouldering as if having just been burnt, and on the other side by a collection of tall buildings with small windows, seen from a distance. The only text in the illustration says, ‘What is Globalisation? Globalisation is installing light globes in as many places as possible on the face of the earth’. The pun of ‘Globalisation’ is used to diminish or even parody the impact of actual globalisation. The human figures face away from nature and appear to prefer the cityscape, with their faces upturned with slight smiles. This symbolism of moving away from the smouldering, suffering tree and towards the seemingly pristine city is used to convey that we, as humans, are forgetting our original position in nature. He suggests a conscious choice to move away from the natural and towards the global culture. The fact that the tree is so prominent within the picture, and that it is giving off some kind of toxic looking smoke, is an ominous symbol which forshadows the dangers of preferring the man-made to our natural state. Similarly, this preference is reflected repeatedly in Lost In Translation, with characters moving towards the global and more technological world. But in contrast, Leunig conveys this in a more sinister and ignorant tone, whereas in Lost In Translation, the more modern setting is seen as a kind of safe haven for the two characters who are lost in their mutual isolation. This relates back to the issue of how the circumstances that you are in, e. g. the isolation that Charlotte and Bob feel, and the dying natural world in Leunig’s illustration, influence the choices that are made, this time being to move and accept a more global world. In contrast to Lost In Translation, Seamus Heaney’s poems ‘Digging’ and ‘Personal Helicon’ focus on the importance of the local, and the foundational relationships held within choosing to keep that homely connection. Within these two poems, great importance is placed on the exploration and appreciation of nature and the natural environment. Throughout the poem ‘Digging’, the connection to his father, grandfather and other family members, and his choice to remain connected with his Irish heritage is seen through â€Å" †¦ a clean rasping sound – When the spade sinks down into the gravelly ground – my father, digging. I look down. The auditory imagery in ‘rasping sound’ when explaining the shovel noise is an immediate link to nature, and the significance of potatoes and agriculture in Irish heritage is highlighted. The direct link to his father with ‘ My father, I look down’ conveys his relationship with his father is still there, but that it has changed from him looking up to his father, to him making the more adult choice of acknowledging his work, but moving away from him, or becoming an adult. This choice to distance himself from the expectations of his father comes within the last line â€Å"Between my finger and my thumb- The squat pen rests- Ill dig with it. The metaphor of turning his more modern job of a writer, and the tool in which he uses, his pen, and turning it into a spade which was his father and grandfathers tool, tells us that, although he is honoring family and keeping within the local by still maintaining connections, the circumstances for him have changed, and so he moves only slightly to a more modern world. The poem ‘Personal Helicon’ is slightly different, in that it is completely about moving away from the people around you, and the advancing world, and finding peace in solitude and nature. This poem of the recollections of a man looking back on his childhood and his fascination with wells, is one that demonstrates how childhood and the associations that you had as a child, in this instance with nature, can influence what you do later in life, and how he longs for that childhood fascination again. Within the line ‘I savored the rich crash when a bucket – Plummeted down at the end of a rope. ’ It gives us insight into Heaneys connection with the simplicity of nature, and his childlike self’s fascination with earthy objects. This is further shown in ‘ When you dragged out long roots from soft mulch – A white face hovered over the bottom. ’ The use of ‘you’ indicating that it is a relatable situation, and the tactile and visual imagery found in ‘ long roots’, ‘soft mulch’ and ‘ White face’ gives us further insight into his connection and love for nature. The mention of his reflection being seen in the water is a link to how he sees himself in nature, and is therefore connected to it. The last lines in the poem ‘ †¦ To pry into roots, to finger slime†¦ Is beneath all adult dignity. I rhyme- To see myself, to set the darkness echoing. Shows that as an adult, it is unacceptable to do the things he once loved as a child, and the only way to conjure the memory of that is to tell it through his poems. The use of the high modality of ‘beneath all adult dignity’ alludes to the fact that he is now in a world that is un-accepting of nature, and the choice he has made to stay within that position means that he can never really find his solitude within nature that he had as a child, growing up in Ireland and the farming culture that valued nature, again. Within the texts ‘Lost in Translation’ by Sophia Coppola, ‘Digging’ and ‘Personal Helicon’ by Seamus Heaney and ‘Globalisation? by Michael Leunig, the issues of how circumstances can affect choices within the globalised world, and how the choices you make will and can affect the circumstances you are in is explored through a number of different ways. Whether the characters have chosen to retreat from the modern world, or embrace it, the choices made within the texts are coming from some sort of influence from their previous circumstances. It is clear that your upbringing and loca l situation will influence how you go about navigating through an increasingly global situation.

Metamorphic Rock Essay - 1058 Words

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphism means to change form; this is exactly what metamorphic rocks do. This paper will take a look at the Earth’s rock cycle to examine exactly where the metamorphic rock fits into it. It will also look at how metamorphic rocks are formed and the relationship between metamorphic rocks and igneous rock and sedimentary rocks. This paper will examine the geological characteristics and materials of metamorphic rocks, and examine some examples of metamorphic rocks and will describe mineral composition of some examples and explain its economic uses. The Rock Cycle The rock cycle helps people to understand the starting point of the igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. In addition to explaining how each of the†¦show more content†¦Regional metamorphism usually occurs during the formation of a mountain. Large amounts of rock are subject to extreme pressure and heat while the Earth’s crust is moving to create a mountain. Regional metamorphism also takes place when there is a collision of two continental plates. The force from the collision puts forth enough extreme pressure needed for a rock to go through a metamorphic change. Relationship Among the Three Rock Groups When sedimentary rock and igneous rock are exposed to extreme heat or pressure, they can change their appearance and mineral make up. The color and density of the rock can change as the mineral and density changes the structure of the rock. The rock under pressure and heat doesnt melt but the chemical or mineral structure of the rock condenses and compacts changing the rock to metamorphic rock. This chemical reaction will cause the rock to change color with the mineral grains and will give the appearance of strips. The metamorphic rock can keep changing its density and appearance when it is exposed to more heat and pressure. 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Comparing Hitler and Stalin - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2186 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay Joseph Stalin Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Hitler and Stalin are well known as the two of the most ground-breaking despots on the world amid the twentieth century. However, their tenets have had huge commitments towards modifying the plan of the economic, political and social effect around the globe. They took part in the world countries fights and the famous cold war. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparing Hitler and Stalin" essay for you Create order The two dictators systems of leadership depended on certain ideologies, objectives and merciless wants. Hitler built up his administration as per the details that he had outlined in the specific document Mein Kampf. He needed the achievement of the word that; Germany should develop. The legislature in the Republic of Russia set up by a scholar known as Lenin depended on a publication referred to as The communist proclamation written by Marx Karl. Adolf came to control through democratic elections. However, Stalin attained the executive power after the passing of Lenin; after that, Stalin controlled and monitored the Bolsheviks and vanquished the Russian administration in a typical fight for a mission of acquiring strong power. Adolf and Stalin are a standout amongst the most vital parts of tyrannies was the leaders fierce technique for attaining power and massive support from the people. Adolf directed Germany government with the rise to that state of power he slammed the allowing act along the German administrative Congress in the year 1933 which empowered him with the capacity to authorize, laws that he wanted. However, under the specific Article one of his outlined power and authority, Hitler proclaimed that just the current party ought to be the most recognized NSDAP. About Article, 2he pronounced all relationship of the coordinated effort with, and the help of different parties would lead to detainment in various camps, with this law Hitler could dispose of other unrecognized Germans. However, Stalin and Hitler had an immense effect on their nations because of mass homicide. They attained unimaginable control and honor from the general population. Everybody was constrained in various labor activities to help the countries economy; as a result, this expanded the yield of the nation. Stalin and Adolf prohibited any antagonism. Their political undertakings influen ced the specific nations mainly in social aspects. Hitlers fascism was much engaged within retaliation and hostile to Semitism. Interestingly Stalins undemocratic rule was grounded on more dread of the entire country. The agitation of the tyrants developed their nations. Thesis Statement Joseph Stalin and Hitler are two of the most vicious autocrats of the 20th century. Both leaders reigned fear in Europe amid World War II. Characterised by fierceness and outrage, Stalin and Hitler rose to control and misused their beliefs all through Russia Germany. I am analyzing the topic of Analysis involving Stalin and Hitler dictatorship the reason behind is that I want to investigate the reason why Hitler went against Stalin, his major motives and the achieved results. I also want to comparatively analyze The Ribbentrop- Molotov pact the way the two leaders gained power and the comparison between their leadership ideology so that I can assist the reader comprehend the different aspects of both dictatorships. Guiding questions Why did Hitler determined to invade Stalin which led to The Ribbentrop- Molotov pact? What are the comparison between the two individuals way of leadership? What were the effects of the war between Hitler and Stalin on the countries economy? James Harris is one of the most highly respected Professors in the past and Modern European History. In his research he centers on dictatorship and hostile to liberal thoughts in twentieth-century Europe, especially the Soviet Union under Stalin: The political, monetary, social and the cultural history of the Soviet Union especially under Stalin leadership Regionalism and territorial history in the Soviet Union The popular Stalinist political framework The political merits of the famous Joseph Stalin Dictatorship and majority rule government in between war Europe Stalin and the Soviet knowledge contraption Anti-liberal thoughts and philosophies The publication tries to clarify how a revolution that guaranteed human freedom and majority rules system conveyed a savage and harsh dictatorship. Stalins role poses a potential threat, yet it is clarified against the backdrop of war and progressive brutality, class war, and the change of the Party from a little underground of progressives to a mass party. The story is substantially more fascinating than that of one mans political desire. Phillip W. Weiss is one of the Americans well-known historians. He argues that every tyrant must be determined exclusively on his specific track information and that neither of the tyrant nor the philosophies they speak to can be safeguarded or assaulted given the record of the other. To support his arguments, he incorporate examination and consultations of the connection among the communication channels and its impact on molding public suggestions, significant discussions of the territories where the professions of the two dictators join and separate, the social impacts that molded their particular leadership doctrines, and the discoveries of different scholars of history who have endeavored a comparative analysis. Hitler originated from Austria Central Europe continent, but Stalin originated from Georgia the place known as the Caucasus. However, Hitler worked in the armed forces, but Stalin was declined for armed forces administration. Stalin and Adolf additionally shared much for all intents and purpose. The two individuals were tyrants, that is, they contained boundless official jurisdiction, free from constitutional imperatives, implying that their opinions were accepted regarding the Law. In common the two leaders led their people, and they related to revolutionary political movementsHitler was the leader of the famous Nazi Party; while Stalin as an Administrative assistant of the then Communist Party. It is, at any rate, evident that Hitler had significant instants of understanding. On 2nd August, the year1941, Hitler stated that I do not accuse the minor individual of changing to Communist. However, I accuse the scholarly individual who merely only make use of other individuals deprivation for their gains. The Ribbentrop-Molotov agreement took place on August twenty third, the year 1939, assertion. The pact involved the famous Soviet Union and the Nazi from Germany which conversationally identified after Russian foreign minister by the name Molotov and then German international clergyman Ribbentrop Von Joachim. However, the settlement revoked fighting among the two nations. Notwithstanding stipulations of non-hostility, the settlement incorporated a secret convention separating a few European nations from the east between the involved parties. Before the arrangements marking, the Russian Soviet Union directed deliberations with the UK and France republic in regards to possible Tripartite collusion. Extensive negotiations incorporating Germany and the Russian Union over a proposed monetary settlement extended to incorporate the armed forces and essential political exchanges, coming full circle in the agreement, alongside a business understanding marked four days earlier. A ten years peace and unity pact was marked with several arrangements that involved: counsel; intervention if any of the party deviated; lack of bias if either did battle antagonistic towards a third party; however, no enrollment of a camp which is straightforwardly or consequentially directed for the other. Preponderance remarkably, there was an outlined confidential convention to the agreement, as per which the specific states of East and parts of Northern Europe were partitioned into Russian and Germany places of authority. Stalin and Ribbentrop delighted in heated discussions in the marking, interchanging toasts and additional talking about the earlier threats among the nations during the 1930s period. Ribbentrop expressed that the British government had endeavored continuously to upset Russianâ€Å" German relationship, was feeble, and needs to give other nations a chance to battle for her pompous case to world supremacy. Stalin agreed, including if England commanded the planet, which was because of the idiocy of alternate nations that dependably let them be feigned. Ribbentrop expressed that the individuals who opposed the Commenter agreement was coordinated not opposing the Russian Union, but rather antagonistic towards the Western vote based systems, panicked chiefly the pronounced City of London and the specific English retailers and expressed that the citizens of Berlin had clowned that Stalin at that specific time would yet link the Anti-Commenter agreement personally. Stalin trusted that this joint effort of unity would keep going quite a while†sufficiently long for him to set up the nations guards against a conceivable German assault. Stalin perceived war with Hitler as very possible, even likely, yet not unavoidable. Stalins expectations for a solid deal with Hitler were not imprinted until the gathering of a Soviet-German meeting in Berlin in November the year 1940. Stalin was spoken to by his foreign minister, Vyacheslav Molotov, who was told to anchor another Nazi-Soviet pact that would ensure the Soviet Union against German assault and broaden Sovietâ€Å" German authoritative reaches game plans to the Balkans. Hitlers counter-offer of a subordinate task in a German-drove alliance of Germany, Japan and Italy and the Soviet Union was unsatisfactory to Stalin, who reacted by emphasizing the requirement for another Nazi-Soviet agreement. Hitler overlooked this offer, and on 18 December 1940 issued the initial order for Operation Barbarossa. From January the year 1941, a German-Soviet war was approaching. Political relations between the two nations kept on breaking down; there was an increased development of German military may along the famous Soviet fringes, and different wellsprings of knowledge data showed that the Germans were setting up an intrusion. Stalin trusted that to maintain a strategic distance from a two-front war Hitler would not attack before he had vanquished Britain. The German attack plan conceived a fast and straightforward war in Russia that would see the Red Army demolished within few months and the country possessed along a line running from Archangel from the north to Astrakhan in the southern region. Much appreciated to a limited extent to Stalins miscounts about the planning and immediate results of a German attack, Hitler nearly accomplished these objectives. As indicated by Khrushchev, plainly the Germans would attack and that the intrusion would have unfortunate ramifications for the Soviet Union if the nation were not satisfactorily arranged and mobilized. At the point when war broke out, guaranteed Khrushchev, Stalin went into a condition of stun and did not wake up until the point that other party pioneers went to him and demanded that he keep on leading the nation. The colossal defining moment for Stalin and his generals came amid the clash of Stalingrad. The defining moment at Stalingrad came in November the year 1942 when the Soviets propelled a multi-pronged hostile that encompassed Hitlers armed forces in the city and undermined to cut off German powers progressing toward Baku. In the occasion the Germans could execute a withdraw that spared a portion of their southern arm year the1943 had either been wiped out or caught by the Red Army, thus started the unpleasant and bleeding fight. More than a thousand tons of explosives were released on the particular city; however Stalin at first disallowed any departure from the affected city, even the young ones were not allowed to leave. Soviet supplementing needed to move to the Volga region from the eastern part and a large number of the individuals submerged under the heaviness of the attire and weapons that they carried. As the fight seethed, it was also a time of fear for ethnic minorities o n the two sides of the dispute. In Germany, Hitlers last arrangement achieved its awful peak in killing camps, for example, Auschwitz-Burkina. Future for some on arrival could be estimated in not more than 10 hours. In the regions of USSR, however, Stalins cruel way to deal with rebuffing ethnic associates in the Soviet Union implied that entire ethnological countries were coercively banished to Siberia as discipline for the modest number of associates in their middle. Conclusion Leadership doctrines of Hitler mostly they were very straightforward and perceived good when utilized well. Hitler needed to join every single German speaker and guaranteed that right living conditions and working space to recoup. His doctrine prompted enormous contributions to the globe, with the passing of millions of people, the devastation and occurrence of the Second World War. Hitler turned Germany into a regarded tyrant inside the extremist nation and inculcated everybody to help Nazism. Stalins ideologies were utterly extraordinary and exceptionally straightforward. He needed the republic of Russia to grow economically and extend as a socialist nation with correspondence and with no arising issues. He needed Russia to become one of the dominant world nations, and he directed Russia with total and effective control. Stalin and Adolf were well-known as the most savage and well-known autocrats of the twentieth century. However, the ascent of Stalin to power advanced socialism, which was pronounced perpetually going to transform the universe and emerge of the famous Nazism made millions of people to kick the bucket amid the First and the Second World Wars. Nevertheless, Stalin reconstructed the Russian economic state and attempted to transform it into a dominant world state. German economic state allowed Hitler to vindicate Versailles Treaty. Therefore, the administration of two distinct perspectives of thought was fundamentally homogenous. During that specific period, the Russians realized that Hitler was a big menace to everybody and there emerged a need to defeat him. During the Second World War Germany was conquered by the Russian army.